Achievement Standard
Biology 2.3
Title:
Demonstrate understanding of adaptation of plants or animals to their way of life
Date version published
17 November 2011
This achievement standard involves demonstrating understanding of adaptation of plants or animals to their way of life.
Achievement Criteria:
Achievement
· Demonstrate understanding of adaptation of plants or animals to their way of life.
Achievement with Merit
· Demonstrate in-depth understanding of adaptation of plants or animals to their way of life.
Achievement with Excellence
· Demonstrate comprehensive understanding of adaptation of plants or animals to their way of life.
Explanatory Notes:
1 This achievement standard is derived from The New Zealand Curriculum, Learning Media, Ministry of Education, 2007, Level 7. It is aligned with the following achievement objective in the Living World strand:
Life Processes
· Explore the diverse ways in which animals and plants carry out the life processes
and is related to the material in the Teaching and Learning Guide for Biology, Ministry of Education, 2010 at http://seniorsecondary.tki.org.nz.
2 Demonstrate understanding involves describing the adaptations and identifying the aspects of the adaptations that enable each organism to carry out its life process(es) in order to survive in its habitat.
Demonstrate in-depth understanding involves providing a biological reason that explains how or why the adaptations enable each organism to carry out its life process(es) in order to survive in its habitat.
Demonstrate comprehensive understanding involves showing understanding by linking several biological ideas. The linking of ideas may involve justifying, evaluating, comparing and contrasting, or analysing, and must include consideration of the two points from below appropriate to the chosen context.
In the context of understanding of adaptation related to one life process over three taxonomic or functional groups of multi-cellular plants or animals:
· comparing diversity of adaptation in response to the same demand across different taxonomic or functional groups
· limitations and advantages involved in each feature within each organism
In the context of understanding of adaptation across two related life processes within one taxonomic or functional group:
· connections between two life processes within each organism which enhance the effectiveness of both processes
· limitations and advantages involved in each feature within each organism.
3 Understanding of adaptation is demonstrated in relation to one life process over three taxonomic or functional groups of multi-cellular plants or animals, or across two related life processes within one taxonomic or functional group.
4 Adaptation involves the range of ways in which organisms have developed strategies to carry out the life processes. An adaptation refers to a feature and its function as it enables an organism to carry out a life process and thus occupy a specific ecological niche. It may include structural, behavioural, or physiological features of an organism. An adaptation provides an advantage for the organism in its specific habitat and ecological niche.
5 Way of life encompasses the ways in which an organism carries out all its life processes. It includes:
· relationships with other organisms – competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism
· reproductive strategies
· adaptations to the physical habitat.
6 Life processes are selected from:
· internal transport
· gas exchange
· transpiration
· nutrition
· excretion
· support and movement
· sensitivity and co-ordination
· reproduction.
7 Conditions of Assessment related to this achievement standard can be found at
www.tki.org.nz/e/community/ncea/conditions-assessment.php.
Key Words:
These are the words that you are expected to understand when used in questions and be able to use in your answers
Core Vocabulary:
· Antagonistic pair
· Auditory cortex
· Auditory nerve
· Axon
· Blind spot
· Brain
· Bone
· Brachiation
· Cartilage
· Cell body
· Cochlea
· Cone cell
· Colour vision
· Cornea
· Dendrite
· Depth perception
· Diurnal
· Ear canal
· Iris
· Lens
· Ligament
· Macula
· Motor cortex
· Motor nerve
· Muscle fibre
· Nerve impulse
· Nocturnal
· Optic nerve
· Ossicles
· Photoreceptor
· Pinna
· Predator
· Prey
· Pupil
· Reflex arc
· Retina
· Rod cell
· Sensory nerve
· Stereoscopic vision
· Stimulus
· Synapse
· Synovial capsule
· Synovial fluid
· Tendon
· Tympanic membrane
· Visual cortex
At the end of this unit of work you should be able to use the core knowledge listed in the statements below to describe, explain and discuss aspects of mammal adaptations. Questions may be presented to you in novel or applied situations that will require you to recognise and link these ideas together.
1. Describe the mechanism of stimulus and response
2. Describe the overall function of the sensitivity and coordination organs of a mammal
3. Describe the structures of the mammalian eye and explain their function.
4. Describe the structures of the mammalian ear and explain their function.
5. Describe the structure of the nerves and explain their function.
6. Describe the function of the brain with respect to sensitivity and movement.
7. Describe the overall function of the support and movement systems of a mammal.
8. Describe structures of the support and movement systems and explain their function.
9. Describe the functioning of a join.t
10. Describe the interaction between antagonistic pairs of muscles to provide movement around a joint.
12. Discuss the ways that sensitivity/coordination is linked to support/ movement to increase the survival of the mammal in its physical habitat.
13. Discuss the ways that sensitivity/coordination is linked to support/ movement to increase the survival of the mammal in its way of life, including advantages and limitations in named mammals.
Biology 2.3
Title:
Demonstrate understanding of adaptation of plants or animals to their way of life
Date version published
17 November 2011
This achievement standard involves demonstrating understanding of adaptation of plants or animals to their way of life.
Achievement Criteria:
Achievement
· Demonstrate understanding of adaptation of plants or animals to their way of life.
Achievement with Merit
· Demonstrate in-depth understanding of adaptation of plants or animals to their way of life.
Achievement with Excellence
· Demonstrate comprehensive understanding of adaptation of plants or animals to their way of life.
Explanatory Notes:
1 This achievement standard is derived from The New Zealand Curriculum, Learning Media, Ministry of Education, 2007, Level 7. It is aligned with the following achievement objective in the Living World strand:
Life Processes
· Explore the diverse ways in which animals and plants carry out the life processes
and is related to the material in the Teaching and Learning Guide for Biology, Ministry of Education, 2010 at http://seniorsecondary.tki.org.nz.
2 Demonstrate understanding involves describing the adaptations and identifying the aspects of the adaptations that enable each organism to carry out its life process(es) in order to survive in its habitat.
Demonstrate in-depth understanding involves providing a biological reason that explains how or why the adaptations enable each organism to carry out its life process(es) in order to survive in its habitat.
Demonstrate comprehensive understanding involves showing understanding by linking several biological ideas. The linking of ideas may involve justifying, evaluating, comparing and contrasting, or analysing, and must include consideration of the two points from below appropriate to the chosen context.
In the context of understanding of adaptation related to one life process over three taxonomic or functional groups of multi-cellular plants or animals:
· comparing diversity of adaptation in response to the same demand across different taxonomic or functional groups
· limitations and advantages involved in each feature within each organism
In the context of understanding of adaptation across two related life processes within one taxonomic or functional group:
· connections between two life processes within each organism which enhance the effectiveness of both processes
· limitations and advantages involved in each feature within each organism.
3 Understanding of adaptation is demonstrated in relation to one life process over three taxonomic or functional groups of multi-cellular plants or animals, or across two related life processes within one taxonomic or functional group.
4 Adaptation involves the range of ways in which organisms have developed strategies to carry out the life processes. An adaptation refers to a feature and its function as it enables an organism to carry out a life process and thus occupy a specific ecological niche. It may include structural, behavioural, or physiological features of an organism. An adaptation provides an advantage for the organism in its specific habitat and ecological niche.
5 Way of life encompasses the ways in which an organism carries out all its life processes. It includes:
· relationships with other organisms – competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism
· reproductive strategies
· adaptations to the physical habitat.
6 Life processes are selected from:
· internal transport
· gas exchange
· transpiration
· nutrition
· excretion
· support and movement
· sensitivity and co-ordination
· reproduction.
7 Conditions of Assessment related to this achievement standard can be found at
www.tki.org.nz/e/community/ncea/conditions-assessment.php.
Key Words:
These are the words that you are expected to understand when used in questions and be able to use in your answers
Core Vocabulary:
· Antagonistic pair
· Auditory cortex
· Auditory nerve
· Axon
· Blind spot
· Brain
· Bone
· Brachiation
· Cartilage
· Cell body
· Cochlea
· Cone cell
· Colour vision
· Cornea
· Dendrite
· Depth perception
· Diurnal
· Ear canal
· Iris
· Lens
· Ligament
· Macula
· Motor cortex
· Motor nerve
· Muscle fibre
· Nerve impulse
· Nocturnal
· Optic nerve
· Ossicles
· Photoreceptor
· Pinna
· Predator
· Prey
· Pupil
· Reflex arc
· Retina
· Rod cell
· Sensory nerve
· Stereoscopic vision
· Stimulus
· Synapse
· Synovial capsule
· Synovial fluid
· Tendon
· Tympanic membrane
· Visual cortex
At the end of this unit of work you should be able to use the core knowledge listed in the statements below to describe, explain and discuss aspects of mammal adaptations. Questions may be presented to you in novel or applied situations that will require you to recognise and link these ideas together.
1. Describe the mechanism of stimulus and response
2. Describe the overall function of the sensitivity and coordination organs of a mammal
3. Describe the structures of the mammalian eye and explain their function.
4. Describe the structures of the mammalian ear and explain their function.
5. Describe the structure of the nerves and explain their function.
6. Describe the function of the brain with respect to sensitivity and movement.
7. Describe the overall function of the support and movement systems of a mammal.
8. Describe structures of the support and movement systems and explain their function.
9. Describe the functioning of a join.t
10. Describe the interaction between antagonistic pairs of muscles to provide movement around a joint.
12. Discuss the ways that sensitivity/coordination is linked to support/ movement to increase the survival of the mammal in its physical habitat.
13. Discuss the ways that sensitivity/coordination is linked to support/ movement to increase the survival of the mammal in its way of life, including advantages and limitations in named mammals.